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　　論文翻譯注意嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和專業(yè)性，下面證件翻譯公司給大家分享論文翻譯的技巧有什么?

　　Paper translation should be rigorous and professional. What are the skills of document translation company to share with you?

　　1、增譯法和減譯法

　　1. Addition and subtraction

　　根據(jù)英漢兩種語言不同的思維方式、語言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式，在翻譯時增添一些詞、短句或句子，以便更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。另外，在漢譯英時還要注意增補(bǔ)一些原文中暗含而沒有明言的詞語和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語，以確保譯文意思的完整。總之，通過增譯，一是保證譯文語法結(jié)構(gòu)的完整，二是保證譯文意思的明確。而減譯法相對應(yīng)的一種翻譯方法，即刪去不符合目標(biāo)語思維習(xí)慣、語言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式的詞，以避免譯文累贅。增譯法的例句反之即可。

　　According to the different ways of thinking, language habits and expressions between English and Chinese, some words, short sentences or sentences are added to the translation so as to express the meaning contained in the original text more accurately. This method is mostly used to translate miles into Chinese. In addition, when translating from Chinese to English, attention should also be paid to adding some words implied in the original text but not explicitly stated, and some general and annotative words to ensure the integrity of the meaning of the translation. In a word, by adding translations, the first is to ensure the integrity of the grammatical structure of the translated text, and the second is to ensure the clarity of the meaning of the translated text. The corresponding translation method of subtraction is to delete words that do not conform to the thinking habits, language habits and expressions of the target language in order to avoid redundancy in the translation. The opposite is true for the example sentences of the augmentation method.

　　2、拆句法和合并法

　　2. Dismantling and Merging

　　這是兩種相對應(yīng)的翻譯方法。拆句法是把一個長而復(fù)雜的句子拆譯成若干個較短、較簡單的句子，通常用于英譯漢;合并法是把若干個短句合并成一個長句，一般用于漢譯英。

　　These are two corresponding translation methods. The disassembly method is to decompose a long and complex sentence into several shorter and simpler sentences, usually used in English-Chinese translation; the merging method is to merge several short sentences into one long sentence, which is generally used in Chinese-English translation.

　　3、正譯法和反譯法

　　3. Positive and Reverse Translation

　　這兩種方法通常用于漢譯英，偶爾也用于英譯漢。所謂正譯，是指把句子按照與漢語相同的語序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語相反的語序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語。

　　These two methods are usually used in Chinese-English translation and occasionally in English-Chinese translation. The so-called orthogonal translation refers to the translation of sentences into English according to the same word order or expression as Chinese. The so-called reverse translation refers to the translation of sentences into English according to the word order or expression opposite to Chinese.

　　4、倒置法

　　4. Inversion Method

　　在漢語中，定語修飾語和狀語修飾語往往位于被修飾語之前;在英語中，許多修飾語常常位于被修飾語之后，因此翻譯時往往要把原文的語序顛倒過來。倒置法通常用于英譯漢,即對英語長句按照漢語的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法進(jìn)行前后調(diào)換，按意群或進(jìn)行全部倒置，原則是使?jié)h語譯句安排符合現(xiàn)代漢語論理敘事的一般邏輯順序。有時倒置法也用于漢譯英。此時此刻，通過現(xiàn)代通信手段的奇跡，看到和聽到我們講話的人比整個世界歷史上任何其他這樣的場合都要多。

　　In Chinese, attributive modifiers and adverbial modifiers often precede the modifiers; in English, many modifiers often precede the modifiers, so the word order of the original text is often reversed in translation. Inversion is usually used in English-Chinese translation, that is to say, long English sentences are exchanged back and forth according to the customary expression of Chinese, and all of them are inverted according to the group of meanings. The principle is to make the arrangement of Chinese sentences conform to the general logical order of modern Chinese theoretical narration. Sometimes inversion is also used in Chinese-English translation. At this moment, through the miracle of modern means of communication, more people see and hear us than on any other occasion in the history of the world.

　　5、轉(zhuǎn)換法

　　5. Conversion Method

　　指翻譯過程中為了使譯文符合目標(biāo)語的表述方式、方法和習(xí)慣而對原句中的詞類、句型和語態(tài)等進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。具體的說，就是在詞性方面，把名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為代詞、形容詞、動詞;把動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞;把形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞和短語。在句子成分方面，把主語變成狀語、定語、賓語、表語;把謂語變成主語、定語、表語;把定語變成狀語、主語;把賓語變成主語。在句型方面，把并列句變成復(fù)合句，把復(fù)合句變成并列句，把狀語從句變成定語從句。在語態(tài)方面，可以把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。

　　It refers to the transformation of parts of speech, sentence patterns and voice in the original sentence in order to make the translation conform to the expression, method and habit of the target language. Specifically, in terms of part of speech, nouns are transformed into pronouns, adjectives and verbs; verbs into nouns, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions; and adjectives into adverbs and phrases. In terms of sentence components, the subject is changed into adverbial, attributive, object and predicate; the predicate into subject, attributive and predicate; the attributive into adverbial and subject; and the object into subject. In the aspect of sentence pattern, we should change the juxtaposition sentence into compound sentence, compound sentence into juxtaposition sentence, adverbial clause into attributive clause. In the aspect of voice, we can change the active voice into the passive voice.

　　6、包孕法

　　6. Inclusion method

　　這種方法多用于英譯漢。所謂包孕是指在把英語長句譯成漢語時，把英語后置成分按照漢語的正常語序放在中心詞之前，使修飾成分在漢語句中形成前置包孕。但修飾成分不宜過長，否則會形成拖沓或造成漢語句子成分在連接上的糾葛。

　　This method is mostly used in English-Chinese translation. The so-called "inclusion" refers to the translation of long English sentences into Chinese, putting the English postposition before the headword according to the normal word order of Chinese, so that the modifier can form a preposition in Chinese sentences. But the modifier should not be too long, otherwise it will lead to procrastination or entanglement in the connection of Chinese sentence components.

　　7、插入法

　　7. Insertion Method

　　指把難以處理的句子成分用破折號、括號或前后逗號插入譯句中。這種方法主要用于筆譯中。偶爾也用于口譯中，即用同位語、插入語或定語從句來處理一些解釋性成分。

　　It refers to inserting difficult sentence elements into the translated sentence with dashes, brackets or commas. This method is mainly used in translation. Occasionally, it is also used in interpretation, that is, to deal with some explanatory elements with appositives, parentheses or attributive clauses.

　　8、重組法

　　8. Restructuring Law

　　指在進(jìn)行英譯漢時，為了使譯文流暢和更符合漢語敘事論理的習(xí)慣，在捋清英語長句的結(jié)構(gòu)、弄懂英語原意的基礎(chǔ)上，徹底擺脫原文語序和句子形式，對句子進(jìn)行重新組合。必須把大量時間花在確保關(guān)鍵人物均根據(jù)同一情報和目的行事，而這一切對身體的耐力和思維能力都是一大考驗(yàn)。因此，一旦考慮成熟，決策者就應(yīng)迅速做出決策。

　　When translating from English to Chinese, in order to make the translation fluent and more in line with the Chinese narrative theory, we should completely get rid of the word order and sentence form of the original text and recombine the sentences on the basis of clarifying the structure of long English sentences and understanding the original meaning of English. Much time must be devoted to ensuring that key people act on the same intelligence and purpose, which is a great test of physical endurance and mental ability. Therefore, once considered mature, decision makers should make decisions quickly.

　　9、綜合法

　　9. Comprehensive Method

　　是指單用某種翻譯技巧無法譯出時，著眼篇章，以邏輯分析為基礎(chǔ)，同時使用轉(zhuǎn)換法、倒置法、增譯法、省譯法、拆句法等多種翻譯技巧的方法。

　　When a single translation skill is unable to be translated, we should focus on the text, take logical analysis as the basis, and use many translation techniques, such as transformation, inversion, addition, omission, parsing and so on.